Defense mechanisms are a central component of psychodynamic theory and the interpretation of defenses is key to psychodynamic practice. Over the years, varying perspectives on dealing with a patient’s defense mechanisms have been outlined . Aim of the study: to examine how psychodynamic therapists deal with patient defenses in practice. Methods: This study asked psychodynamic therapists (N=114) of different theoretical models (e.g., psychoanalysis, short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, and psychodynamic therapy) to complete an online survey. Results: Respondents (N = 114) indicated that defense mechanisms are a very important component of practice for psychodynamic psychotherapy. Significant differences between short-term psychodynamic therapy (STDP) and psychodynamic therapists on how they address defenses in their clinical practice were found. Discussion and Conclusion: Clinical implications of these results, and directions for future research are discussed.