Development and factor analysis of the „P-COV 2020” questionnaire. Neuropsychiatric symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Polish population.
 
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1
1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
 
2
Students’ Scientiffic Group of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of Adolescence, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
 
 
Submission date: 2024-01-16
 
 
Final revision date: 2024-07-23
 
 
Acceptance date: 2024-08-11
 
 
Online publication date: 2025-04-13
 
 
Publication date: 2025-04-13
 
 
Corresponding author
Aleksander Turek   

1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
 
 
Arch Psych Psych 2025;27(1):29-42
 
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ABSTRACT
Aim of the study:
Covid-19 pandemic was a global health and economic crisis. A substantial part of the population infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus reported neuropsychiatric symptoms. The objective of the study is to construct a self-report questionnaire to assess the neuropsychiatric consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Subject or material and methods:
Data analyzed from 327 participants - 84.1% of participants were female, 62.4% were 26-45 years old. Team of psychiatrists, psychologists and infectious disease specialists constructed the “P-COV 2020” questionnaire, which assesses a wide range of mental health characteristics. The “P-COV 2020” consisted of 62 items and was based on current literature and clinical experience. Snowball sampling was conducted by publishing a survey containing SARS-CoV-2 infection circumstances and a „P-COV 2020” via Internet.

Results:
The internal consistency reliability of factor I (19 items) describing emotional lability and depressive traits was categorized as excellent (α= 0,935); of factor II (15 items) describing cognitive difficulties as excellent (α=0,949); of factor III (6 items) describing unusual sensory experiences as acceptable (α=0,769); of factor IV (11 items) describing energy level and sleep disturbances as good (α=0,884). Including time-related characteristics, the group showed the highest scores for factors IV and II and surprisingly, the lowest score for factor III. Items with α<0.4 were excluded from further analysis (11 items).

Discussion:
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus may result in intensified sleep, energy level, and affective and cognitive disturbances. The psychosocial factors of the pandemic should be considered in the analysis of subjective reports.

Conclusions:
Neuropsychiatric symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection are reported. Further research on SARS-CoV-2 infection consequences is needed.
eISSN:2083-828X
ISSN:1509-2046
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