Introduction: Schizophrenia, a complex mental disorder, severely impacts both individuals and society. Emerging evidence points to neuroinflammation, cytokine dysregulation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant imbalances as key contributors to its pathophysiology. This review seeks to dissect the relationship between these factors and schizophrenia, assessing their roles as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Material and methods: A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was performed. We used search terms including "schizophrenia", "cytokines", "antioxidants", and "inflammatory markers". Based on predetermined criteria, relevant articles were selected, and their data was extracted and analyzed. We specifically examined the associations between particular cytokines, antioxidants, and schizophrenia symptoms, with a focus on antioxidants' role in regulating oxidative stress, a component of schizophrenia's neuroinflammatory process. The impact of antipsychotic treatments on cytokine levels and oxidative stress was also evaluated. Results: Our findings suggest that cytokine dysregulation and antioxidant imbalances are associated with various clinical features of schizophrenia. Furthermore, antipsychotic treatment may modulate these factors, potentially improving symptoms. Additionally, specific cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidants may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Conclusions: Overall, our review provides a comprehensive analysis of the links between inflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, and schizophrenia, thereby deepening our understanding of this disorder's pathophysiology and treatment strategies.